硼酚醛烧蚀材料的研究

介绍了炭布增强硼酚醛烧蚀材料（２Ｄ Ｃ／ＦＢ）的制备，研究了工艺对复合材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明，硼酚醛ＦＢ树脂９００℃残炭率高达７０％，高于普通酚醛树脂（钡酚醛），采用优化工艺制备的２Ｄ Ｃ／ＦＢ材料力学性能和烧蚀性能优异，剪切强度高达３９．７ＭＰａ。     

红外二氧化碳传感器动态特性校准与改进研究

提出了红外二氧化碳传感器动态特性实验方法,建立了红外二氧化碳传感器的动态数学模型,阐述了动态补偿滤波器的设计过程,并讨论了影响动态数字滤波器补偿效果的各种因素.为了减小运算时间,改善传感器的响应特性,给出了一种将滤波器的差分方程变成递推运算的方法.实验结果表明,动态补偿滤波器有效地提高了红外二氧化碳传感器的动态特性.     

混杂化是改善CFRP韧性的有效途径

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)虽然以模量高、强度高而作为受力构件材料越来越多地被应用。但CFRP性脆,韧性差,其应用在很大程度上受到了限制。若将玻璃纤维(G_纤)或Kevlar纤维(K_纤)代替部分碳纤维,即制成C/G,C/K混杂复合材料,在不太损失其它性能的前提下可以大大提高CFRP的冲击韧性[1][2]。实验证明,混杂化是改善CFRP韧性的一个切实可行的途径。     

Direct radiative forcing from black carbon aerosols over urban environment

There is growing evidence that the earth’s climate is changing and will likely continue to change in the future. It is still debated whether these changes are due to natural variability of the climate system or a result of increases in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Black carbon (BC) has become the subject of interest for a variety of reasons. BC aerosol may cause environmental as well as harmful health effects in densely inhabited regions. BC is a strong absorber of radiation in the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum, where most of the solar energy is distributed. Black carbon is emitted into the atmosphere as a byproduct of all combustion processes, viz., vegetation burning, industrial effluents and motor vehicle exhausts, etc. In this paper, we present results from our measurements on black carbon aerosols, total aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical depth over an urban environment namely Hyderabad during January to May, 2003. Diurnal variations of BC indicate high BC concentrations during 6:00–9:00 and 19:00–23:00 h. Weekday variations of BC concentrations increase gradually from Monday to Wednesday and gradually decrease from Thursday to Sunday. Analysis of traffic density along with meteorological parameters suggests that the primary determinant for BC concentration levels and patterns is traffic density. Seasonal variations of BC suggest that the BC concentrations are high during dry season compared to rainy season due to the scavenging by air. The fraction of BC to total mass concentration has been observed to be 7% during January to May. BC showed positive correlation with total mass concentration and aerosol optical depth at 500 nm. Radiative transfer calculations suggests that during January to May, diurnal averaged aerosol forcing at the surface is −33 Wm² and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) above 100 km it is observed to be +9 Wm⁻². The results have been discussed in detail in the paper.     

碳/锌复合材料的制备与性能研究

本文采用真空液态渗透法制备了碳/锌复合材料。拉伸和磨损试验表明:碳纤维的加入,明显提高了锌以及锌合金的抗拉强度,改善了锌合金的摩擦磨损特性。用S-570扫描电镜观察了碳/锌复合材料的拉伸和冲击断口,以及碳/锌复合材料的磨损表面,并用X-射线能谱仪对断口进行了分析。此外,本文还对碳/锌复合材料的纵向拉伸性能、纵向冲击性能以及摩擦磨损性能的影响因素进行了讨论。     

界面化学反应对炭纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面性能的影响

采用接枝含有双键的乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A-171)的方法对炭纤维(CF)进行了表面改性。接枝前后的炭纤维表面特性通过表面官能团滴定和表面能测量进行了表征。通过分析苯乙炔的三键与A-171的双键的反应程度,间接评价了芳基乙炔树脂的三键与A-171的双键的反应程度。CF/PAA复合材料的界面粘接性能通过断口形貌分析和层间剪切强度(σILSS)测试进行了评价。结果表明,芳基乙炔的三键与A-171的双键可发生化学反应,且反应程度很高。由于芳基乙炔的三键与A-171的双键在界面上的化学反应,使CF/PAA树脂复合材料的界面粘接性能明显提高,σILSS=43.3 MPa,比未处理试样提高了43%。     

Automatic Carbon Tape Laying for Structural Composite Parts

The technology of automatic carbon tape laying for structural composite parts is introduced. The most effective form of automatic carbon tape laying technology is presented with emphasis.     

CFRP超高周疲劳损伤演化过程

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在航空航天等领域得到广泛应用，CFRP构件的超高周疲劳问题逐渐凸显出来。本文采用超声三点弯曲疲劳试验系统对CFRP复合材料的损伤演化过程进行研究。结果表明：CFRP复合材料在超高周三点弯曲加载下的S-N曲线呈阶梯状，尤其在10⁸周次后，其疲劳强度明显下降。通过对CFRP复合材料在同一视场不同周次下的损伤过程进行分析，发现该材料在超高周加载下的损伤形貌主要表现为3种特征：纤维束交叉处基体损坏、近纤维束平行段基体空洞、基体贯穿，并随着加载周次的增加，其损伤过程也按照这3种特征依次呈现出来。     

空间高稳定碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构制备及性能

针对空间高稳定结构在极端环境下的灵敏度和稳定性需求，提出一种新型高稳定、高承载的轻质碳/碳(C/C)蜂窝夹层结构方案。碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构由化学气相渗透(CVI)致密化获得的整体碳/碳蜂窝和面板经胶粘剂粘接集成，通过评价蜂窝、面板以及夹层结构的内部质量、力学性能及热物理性能，展示了碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构在承载和尺度稳定性方面的优势。研究结果表明,典型特征碳/碳蜂窝承载性能稳定，平压强度＞10 MPa，L/W向剪切强度＞4 MPa，典型特征碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构热膨胀系数低，满足空间环境条件下面内热膨胀系数绝对值低于 1×10 -7 /℃的高稳定设计需求。     

三维编织炭纤维预制件压缩性实验研究

采用压缩实验对三维编织四向、五向和六向结构炭纤维预制件在受压时的厚度与纤维体积含量的变化和压缩参数进行了研究,得到了首次压缩后干湿态炭纤维预制件的最大纤维体积含量,以及干态炭纤维预制件3次压缩后的最终纤维体积含量.结果表明,预制件的干湿状态和受压缩次数对预制件的压缩性有显著影响.预制件在卸除载荷后发生部分回弹,各编织结构预制件的初始预制件体积压缩性随着压缩次数的增加而减小;从结构上看,各编织结构预制件的编织纱截面和轴纱截面形状在压缩后发生改变.